Poll: 7 in 10 Black Americans Say They Have Experienced Incidents of Discrimination or Police Mistreatment in Their Lifetime, Including Nearly Half Who Felt Their Lives Were in Danger

Amid nationwide protests against racial bias in law enforcement and beyond, a new KFF poll finds that the vast majority (71%) of Black Americans say they’ve experienced some form of racial discrimination or mistreatment during their lifetimes – including nearly half (48%) who say at one point that they felt their life was in danger because of their race.

When asked about interactions with law enforcement during their lifetimes, 4 in 10 (41%) Black Americans say they have been stopped or detained by police because of their race, and 1 in 5 Black adults (21%), including 3 in 10 Black men, say they have been a victim of police violence. A third as many Hispanics (8%) and relatively few Whites (3%) report such negative interactions with police over their lifetimes.

Blacks are also much more likely than Hispanics or Whites to say they have been denied a job for which they were qualified (40%, 15%, and 8%, respectively) or denied housing they could afford due to their race (26%, 8%, and 3%, respectively).

When asked about incidents just in the past year, 3 in 10 (30%) Black Americans say they personally experienced unfair treatment by police during traffic stops and other encounters. That is nearly three times the share of Hispanic Americans (11%) and ten times the share of White Americans (3%) who report such unfair treatment by police in the past year.

Fielded June 8-14, the poll probes into issues of racial and ethnic bias and discrimination and the national conversation about race sparked by recent deaths of Black Americans at the hands of police, as well as the subsequent protests, clashes, and in some cases, looting and vandalism.

The poll finds large shares of Americans view racism, police violence and violence caused by protestors as at least somewhat of a problem in the country today, though there are deep partisan divisions on these issues.

For example, most Democrats (82%) and independents (59%) say racism is a big problem nationally, while only a quarter (25%) of Republicans say so.

Democrats also are much more likely to say police violence is a big problem (65%) than to say violence caused by protesters is (24%). The opposite is true for Republicans, who are far more likely to say protester violence is a big problem (62%) than to say police violence is (14%).

Partisans also differ in their awareness about the COVID-19 epidemic’s disproportionate impact on Black and Hispanic communities and broader disparities in health care. For example, Democrats are twice as likely as Republicans to know that Black Americans are more likely than White Americans to get sick or die from coronavirus (69% vs. 34%).

Most of the Public Support Banning Chokeholds and No-Knock Warrants, Though Partisan Gaps Remain 

The poll finds two key potential reforms that seek to reduce the excessive use of force by police officers are favored by a majority of the public, though Republicans are less supportive: banning police from using chokeholds and strangleholds (68% of the public, including 82% of Democrats, 70% of independents, and 52% of Republicans) and banning no-knock warrants that allow police to enter a person’s residence unannounced (52% of the public, including 65% of Democrats, 56% of independents and 34% of Republicans).

Bipartisan majorities support a range of other proposed reforms, including:

• 95% support requiring police to intervene and stop excessive force being used by other officers and to report those instances;
• 89% support requiring police to give a verbal warning, when possible, before shooting at a civilian;
• 76% support requiring states to publicly release disciplinary records for law enforcement officers; and
• 73% support allowing people to sue police officers if they feel they were subjected to excessive force.

Two Thirds of Public Supports Recent Protests against Police Violence 

The poll finds two thirds of the public (64%) support the recent protests against police violence across the country, while three in ten oppose the protests (30%). Majorities across racial and ethnic groups support the protests, as do most Democrats (86%) and independents (67%), though most Republicans (57%) oppose them.

At the same time, a slight majority (56%) of the public say they are very or somewhat worried that protests may lead to an increase in coronavirus cases in their area. Democrats and Black Americans – groups that are most likely to support the protests – are also among the most likely to say they are worried about the protests leading to an increase in coronavirus cases (73% and 68% respectively).

Overall, 1 in 10 adults say they recently attended an event to protest police violence or in support of Black Lives Matter or other racial justice issues. About half (52%) of those who report attending a protest are under 30 years old, and a similar share (53%) are college graduates. Most identify as Democrats (46%) or independents (42%), with just 6% identifying as Republicans.

Designed and analyzed by public opinion researchers at KFF, the poll was conducted June 8-14 among a nationally representative random digit dial telephone sample of 1,296 adults. Interviews were conducted in English and Spanish by landline (297) and cell phone (999). The margin of sampling error is plus or minus 3 percentage points for the full sample. For results based on subgroups, the margin of sampling error may be higher. The margin of sampling error is plus or minus 4 percentage points for the sample of 811 White adults, plus or minus 9 percentage points for the sample of 211 Black adults, and plus or minus 8 percentage points for the sample of 177 Hispanic adults.